Notes on slide presentation

Today in class, Mr. Schick instructed the students to take more notes on the slide presentation. There were a lot of notes that we had to take this time. Rewind to...clash of the tyrants! Hippias was a tyrant who ruled from 527 to 510 B.C.E. His brother was murdered, and his rule became harsh. He was eventually expelled from Athens. In revenge, he began working with the Persian king Darius I, helping Cleisthenes invade Marathon. With Hippias gone, Isagoras and Cleisthenes (both were aristocrats). Had support from some fellow aristocrats, plus from Sparta. Isagoras becomes archon eponymous (tyrant). He ostracizes Cleisthenes. Cleisthenes's supporters- and the ordinary Athenian citizens. Revolt against Isagoras tyranny. They trap Isagoras on the Acropolis for two days. On the third day, he fled and was banished. Cleisthenes and democracy. Cleisthenes- definitely a member of the elite. Very rich. Insulated from the "hoipolloi". Crafty politician. He saw the value of tapping into the talents, intelligence, and energies of the non-aristocrats (Middle class citizens). A new form of government. Citizens could participate- but only one-fifth of Athenians were citizens (free adult male property owners born in Athens). After several years, Athens practiced a direct democracy. This is what direct democracy looks like. It's where the state (or in this case, the city-state) is ruled by its citizens. Rule is based on citizenships. Major rule decides vote. In the Agora, (citizens argued, made speeches, that voted with white stones (yes)/black stones (no), it was practiced in Athens under Cleisthenes by around 500 B.C.E. Gods and goddesses. What is unique about the Greek's relationship with their gods is the interaction with humans? Poseidon (god of the sea) interfered with Odysseus trying to return home. Aphrodite (goddess of the sea) had lovers of both gods and men. Dionysus (god of wine) was son of Zeus (a god) and of Semele (a human princess). Who's who in the pantheon? Zeus- ruler of heaven and Earth; father of Athena; god of the sky, weather, thunder, lighting, and law. Athena- goddess of wisdom, skill, warfare (and peace), intelligence, battle strategy, and handicrafts. She was born from Zeus's head fully formed and armored. Special patron of heroes such as Odysseus. The fighting Spartans. Greeks were certainly a warlike people- especially the Spartans. Spartans were known for their tough, ruthless infantry: soldiers who fought on land Spartan boys trained from the time they were seven. Real Spartans were much more fearsome than those oily rats in the movie '300'. Athens- naval power. Athens had a great infantry, too, but nothing could compare with their navy, their most effective weapon was the Tireme. Tireme- technological marvel. Fastest ship in the world at the time. Rowed by up to 170 men on 3 levels. Could be used as a battering ram. Agile and fast.